Testing Q&A
What is the difference between adhoch testing,monkey testing?
Adhoch testing:- This Kind of testing dosen't have a any process/test case/Test senarios defined to do it.
Monkey testing:- Dosen't have any fixed methology of testing. Just be a randy user of the system. Just try any random combination.Disctructive testing
Exploratory testing:- This testing is envolved with the exploring the product under testing. Constructive testing. Try to explore the product to see how the product behave.
If the testing period is decreased from 9 months to 2 months due to client requirement,how will you go about testing & cover the maximum coverage
If we have very short period for testing the application,tester will follow adhohoc methods(his own methods ) to test that application. ie Without using test plan and without preparing test case document he will tests that application by focusing on major functionalities. Tester will use his own knowledge and experience to cover maximum coverage.
In case you were lucky to get any form of documentation upfront then your life is a bit easier.You should try and use different methodologies to achive your goal of "enough" testing to give your boss the "go-ahead" confidence. In this regard the testing approaches you could use are:- Use the Requirement/Use-Case document to drive your testing effort- Identify & Test all major functional areas/features of your product- Identify & Test all major risk-areas (things you can't let go wrong) of your product- Use Exploratory/Ad-Hoc/Monkey type testing which would be more like hitting in the dark and hoping you hit jack-pot- If time permits and have a code coverage tool available, go all out and try to test whatever possibleRemember, testing team ALWAYS has less time than what is required so, you need to be ready with a plan at all times to "squeeze-in" whatever possible in available time.Hope this helps.
How would you ensure 100% coverage of testing?
we can not perform 100% testing on any application. but the criteria to ensure test completion on a project is
1. all the test cases are executed with the certain percentage of pass.
2. bug falls below a certain level
3. test budget depleted
4. dead lines reached(project or test)
5. when all the functionalities are covered in a testcases
6. all critical & high bugs must have a status of CLOSED
Diffenece between Web aplication Testing and Client Server Testing. State the different types for Web apllication Testing and Client Server Testing types?
Client server appli is a 2 tier architecture
web based application is n tier architecture or MVC architecture .
In client server we have multiple clients accessing the data from a server ,so the client is the front end and the server is the backend where the data is stored.
In web based the browser acts as the client ,request is sent to the server via some protocols like HTTP protocol by the beans/services to the web server who sends it to the dbserver who processes the request and sends it back
What is the diffrence between ERP testing and Web testing
ERP Testing ERP is define as enterprise resource planning.ERP is an application. It is testing type.ERP application is used client or web server.Example to take, ERP is an client server based application.Client based application to test a funtionality based on requirements specification using manual or automation.This is called ERP Testing.
WEB Testing web testing contains link checking, load testing, stress testing,Usability,Functionality, Server side Interface, Client side Compatibility, Performance and Security testing.
What is the difference between structural and functional testing?
Structural testing deals with the interior details of the product while the functional testing deals with just the behaviour(overview) of the product. structral testing is nothing but only code coverage of the application
What is Conformance Testing
The process of testing that an implementation conforms to the specification on which it is based. Usually applied to testing conformance to a formal standard.
what is the diffrence between smoke testing & sanity testing
Retesting: Executing all the test cases written fro the application. To Test an Application With Mulitiple Test data.
Retesting is a prosess varifying the applicaton on different input values and each input value is independent of each other.
Regression testing: Where as regression test is verufy that the fixed bugs will causes any impact on the rest of the application.i.e, if you file a bug and the dev fixes that bug then you need to test whether the bug is really got fixed and is the fix will impact or causes to any other bugs. where you conduct your test for entire your application with past functinonality and current enchancements with the current build .
Non-functional testing involves :GUI. Non-functional testing involves Basic GUI testing, System Integration testing, volume testing and all other tests wherein we not going to verify and validate the functionality of an application like for example:
A basic Windows login test would involve just testing the quality of interface and proper placing of controls but we wont be verifying whther its properly authenticating users.
what are six sigma standards
standard used to improve bussiness quality.The six sigma cycle is Define-->Measure-->Analyse-->Improve-- >Control.
How many test cases will be written for a project?
That is depending on project size and client requirement. Based on the no.of objects present on the applications,no.of functionalities.
Test Report -----during test execution testengg are reporting mistaches to development team in an IEEE format that is called testreport Testlog------expected output is called testlog which is in the form of document.
Test log: is the doccument which contains the all information about he test results.The doccument which contains the expected results.Test report: It is the report made by the tester while actual excution of the code.which contais the deviation of the actual results from the expected results.
Severity Levels.
1.Fatal error:(e.g. : Suppose u will open a IE Browser then browser cannot be opened, The page cannot be displayed), it is also called as Show Stopper Errors or 500 Internal servers problem.2. Major error:(On the above example, the page can be opened, but the contents cannot be displayed)3. Minor error: Cosmetic errors such as spell check, alignment problem, and etc...4. Sugession: At Last How the tester can contact to the devloper in a polite way.
For a bug with high severity can we give the priority also to be high...If so why we need both?For example severity=1 and priority=1...Cant we have only priority/severity??
sevirity will be assinged bassed on tester perception where as priority will be assinged according to the development team... perception.... so, as a tester we cant predict developers Priority for fixing that bug.
Severity: How bad the bug is and its influence on the software and the customer.
Priority: How important it is to fix the bug and when should it be fixed.
So for eg: System Crash.. it has severity 1 and priority 1 ....since unless and until the system is up we cannot proceed ahead.........
Break in a function means to define break points that enables you to stop running the the test at a specified line or function in the test script.
what is work adround ? (Turnaround)
Workaround time is a time in which the high priority defects should be fixed by Developers.( For Eg:-If a page crashes at a particular instance then usually this defect should be fixed in i guess in 6 hrs ,this again depends upon what type of test strategy you have applied to application)
Workaround time is a time where in developer should fix a high priority defect in less then 3 hrs again it depends upon how much time is defined to developer in your test strategy.
A workaround is a method, sometimes used temporarily, for achieving a task or goal when the usual or planned method isn't working. In information technology, a workaround is often used to overcome hardware, programming, or communication problems. Once a problem is fixed, a workaround is usually abandoned.
What is a show stopper?
Show Stopper is a condition(Bug) where a tester could not go for further testing unless and until that bug is fixed. In this case as a tester we send urgent request to development team to fix the bug.
It is urgent bug (S1). For eg system crash or error message forcing to close the window. Shows stopper is bug which is a having high priority and seriousness.
Software bug that makes an implementation effectively unusable; one that absolutely has to be fixed before development or Testing can go on.
What is the Entry And Exit Criteria of a test plan?
Entry creteria is a condition which input of the phase as to satisfy to get entry into the phase ex to enter design phase we should have prepared srs document.
Entrance Criteria: These are pre-defined requirements which are required to be met before starting testing.
Entry Criteria of a Test Plan should include the following:
1. Identify the Quality Gate at which the product will be considered ready for testing.
2. Identify the various conditions and % test coverage of the previous phase, that'll help in identifying the quality gate described above.
3. Identify all the stakeholders responsible for any slippage in the planned start date of testing.
4. Identify the effect on test schedule and effort of any slippage in the delivery dates prior start of the testing.
5. Describe the importance of Test Plan Review by the development team and system architects. Identify the effect on testing, if the test plan is not properly reviewed, after test case designing.
6. Identify the effect if you don't get necessary external support during testing, related to environment, Db support, test data creation, network problems, security issues etc.
Exit criteria is condition which the output of the phase as to satisfy to get exit from the phase exit criteria for design level will be completion of lld, hld.
Exit Criteria: These are PRE-DEFINED requirements which are required to be met before testing is finished.
What is the role of QA in a company that produces software?
The role of the QA in the company is to produce a quality software and to ensure that it meets all the requirements of its customers before delivering the product
The common bugs encountered during the testing process are
Mismatch errors, Runtime errors, Exception handling errors, Data less or Wrong data. Cosmetic and Usablility defects are also found in application.
What is a test data?Give examples?
Data which is used while testing. For Testing Employee Number Field - Test Data EMP001 can be used.
what is release candidate???
Relase candidate is a pre-release version. Which contains the desired functionality of the final released version,which needs to be tested for bugs.(which idealy should be removed before the final vesrion is relased).
what is backward compatibility testing ?
Oprating system is compatible to our build ,but our build is not compatible with opearating system,called backward compatibility. generally test enginers face backward comp. rather then forward comp.
How would you differentiaite between.. Bug and Defect and Failure and Error
Error - Found problem in coding By Developer
Bug - Found problem in application By Tester
Defect - Found problem in application By Customer after release
What is the Capability Maturity Model (CMM)?
Capability Maturity Model developed by the SEI. It's a model of 5 levels of organizational maturity that determine effectiveness in delivering quality software.
Define Verification and Validation. Explain the differences between the two?
Verification is to determine that requirements are established during the previou phase have been met. Generally Verification refers to the overall s/w evaluation activity, including reviewing, inspecting, checking and auditing.
Verification : checks consistency with the i/p'…Whether we are building the product right?
Validation typically involves actual testing and takes place after verification is complete.
Validation: Checks Consistency with the User Requirements Whether we are building the right product/System?
Test plan is high level document that describes the objective, approach, scope & focus of software testing effort.
Test Case is document that decribes an input ,action or event and expected response, to determine if a feature of application is working correctely.
Is there any difference between testing process in a product development and in service based IT organisation?
In Product Developement, A tester job is Goal Oriented and in Services Company,Your job is Process oriented. In CMM companies they prepare supporting documentation apart from his regular duties like Desining and executing Test cases and reporting the bugs as well. Where in Product Developement companies with ISO certification, mainly focus on goals and deliverables
What is the purpose of the testing?
To improve the quality of the product. The Purpose of Testing is to Analyze that the Product is according to Requirements. the purpose of testing is to measure the quality of the program by finding the bugs in the program.
in this process we perform Verification and Validation on the project or application.
The purpose of testing :
1.The product/project should meet the Requirements
2.To satisty the End-User
3.To maintain the quality according to the Key process area for each CMM Level i 1 to 5 or six sigma or CMM Level 1 to 5 or ISO
4.To attain a good name in the market that the company producing Zero defect product /project
What is the difference between QA and testing?
The goal of QA is prevention while the goal of testing is detection(detect the bugs. Testing is finding bugs.
QA is to ensure that the product is bug free.
PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURING"
Quality Assurance is a preventive activity. it concentrate on the whole development process to prevent the bugs.
testing is curing activity. here our main intention is measuring the quality of the product by analysing the program with the end user perception. The output of Testing is often the input to QA.
Testing : To find the bugs QA : To Detect the bugs
What types of documents would you need for QA, QC and testing ?
FRS,SRS & Design documents are basic documents for doing QA,QC and testing. Good Requirements are :- clear, complete, detailed, cohesive, attainable and testable
Explain how testing fits in V-model?
Testing should done along with development process.That is what Spiral SDLC is talking about.In V model,testing and development phases are performing parallel.In that aspect Testing fits in V model.
Authentication-->Checking the validity.Ex:A creditcard validation by Verisign.It is called authenticating the CreditCard
Authorization-->Giving some rights -Ex:I authorize mr.Rahul to sign some papers realted with my bank accounts.
At what stage the design of a project or application is validated?
Should start from the first phase itself.But conventional testing will start after coding phase. Validation should start after Design stage when application is developed.Verification should start from first phase that is Requirement Analysis phase.
Actual testing = Quality Control of a project
Quality Control = Processes used to test the Project Functionality
Quality Assurance = Measures the quality of QC processes used to create a Quality Project.
Quality Assurance is a focus on processes like defining,deploying ,continuous improving
with the goal of defect prevention.
Quality Control is a focus on products defect/bug detection with the goal of defect detection.
NO INTERACTION WITH USER ,HE GOES AS PER SRS AND SPECIFICATION GIVEN BY PROGRAMMER.
gernerally, as a tester we did not have any with the user. but some times (for ex. when no documentation available ) we may have some interaction with the end users with the permission of our higher officials.
Normally the SRS or client specs are referred. However when the project undergoes constant modifications from the client, testers can sit in on the conversations chats so that they have a general idea of where the projects is headed. Also many a times, something may not be testable, tester can pitch in with suggestions.
What is the role of a bug tracking system?
A bug tracking system is used to report all errors at one central place for easy access and retriaval, both byu developer as well as tester. Since all the bugs are centrally filed, it becomes easy to update their status.
The tracking can be done across multiple projects and lastly, these details can be used by a QA manager for Metrics
Defect Tracking System is used to track Requirements,Defects and can also help in Executing test cases manually.Most important part is that some Defect Tracking System can keep history of defect
Adhoch testing:- This Kind of testing dosen't have a any process/test case/Test senarios defined to do it.
Monkey testing:- Dosen't have any fixed methology of testing. Just be a randy user of the system. Just try any random combination.Disctructive testing
Exploratory testing:- This testing is envolved with the exploring the product under testing. Constructive testing. Try to explore the product to see how the product behave.
If the testing period is decreased from 9 months to 2 months due to client requirement,how will you go about testing & cover the maximum coverage
If we have very short period for testing the application,tester will follow adhohoc methods(his own methods ) to test that application. ie Without using test plan and without preparing test case document he will tests that application by focusing on major functionalities. Tester will use his own knowledge and experience to cover maximum coverage.
In case you were lucky to get any form of documentation upfront then your life is a bit easier.You should try and use different methodologies to achive your goal of "enough" testing to give your boss the "go-ahead" confidence. In this regard the testing approaches you could use are:- Use the Requirement/Use-Case document to drive your testing effort- Identify & Test all major functional areas/features of your product- Identify & Test all major risk-areas (things you can't let go wrong) of your product- Use Exploratory/Ad-Hoc/Monkey type testing which would be more like hitting in the dark and hoping you hit jack-pot- If time permits and have a code coverage tool available, go all out and try to test whatever possibleRemember, testing team ALWAYS has less time than what is required so, you need to be ready with a plan at all times to "squeeze-in" whatever possible in available time.Hope this helps.
How would you ensure 100% coverage of testing?
we can not perform 100% testing on any application. but the criteria to ensure test completion on a project is
1. all the test cases are executed with the certain percentage of pass.
2. bug falls below a certain level
3. test budget depleted
4. dead lines reached(project or test)
5. when all the functionalities are covered in a testcases
6. all critical & high bugs must have a status of CLOSED
Diffenece between Web aplication Testing and Client Server Testing. State the different types for Web apllication Testing and Client Server Testing types?
Client server appli is a 2 tier architecture
web based application is n tier architecture or MVC architecture .
In client server we have multiple clients accessing the data from a server ,so the client is the front end and the server is the backend where the data is stored.
In web based the browser acts as the client ,request is sent to the server via some protocols like HTTP protocol by the beans/services to the web server who sends it to the dbserver who processes the request and sends it back
What is the diffrence between ERP testing and Web testing
ERP Testing ERP is define as enterprise resource planning.ERP is an application. It is testing type.ERP application is used client or web server.Example to take, ERP is an client server based application.Client based application to test a funtionality based on requirements specification using manual or automation.This is called ERP Testing.
WEB Testing web testing contains link checking, load testing, stress testing,Usability,Functionality, Server side Interface, Client side Compatibility, Performance and Security testing.
What is the difference between structural and functional testing?
Structural testing deals with the interior details of the product while the functional testing deals with just the behaviour(overview) of the product. structral testing is nothing but only code coverage of the application
What is Conformance Testing
The process of testing that an implementation conforms to the specification on which it is based. Usually applied to testing conformance to a formal standard.
what is the diffrence between smoke testing & sanity testing
smoke testing is use ful for checking the main functionality of aplication
sanity testing is useful for checking the basic functionality of application
A quick and dirty test that the major functions of a piece of S/W work.Originated in the H/W testing practice of turning on a new piece of H/W for the first time and considering it a success if it does not catch on fire.Santi testing is the brief test of major functional of a piece of S/W to determine if its basically operational.
sanity testing is useful for checking the basic functionality of application
A quick and dirty test that the major functions of a piece of S/W work.Originated in the H/W testing practice of turning on a new piece of H/W for the first time and considering it a success if it does not catch on fire.Santi testing is the brief test of major functional of a piece of S/W to determine if its basically operational.
Retesting: Executing all the test cases written fro the application. To Test an Application With Mulitiple Test data.
Retesting is a prosess varifying the applicaton on different input values and each input value is independent of each other.
Regression testing: Where as regression test is verufy that the fixed bugs will causes any impact on the rest of the application.i.e, if you file a bug and the dev fixes that bug then you need to test whether the bug is really got fixed and is the fix will impact or causes to any other bugs. where you conduct your test for entire your application with past functinonality and current enchancements with the current build .
Non-functional testing involves :GUI. Non-functional testing involves Basic GUI testing, System Integration testing, volume testing and all other tests wherein we not going to verify and validate the functionality of an application like for example:
A basic Windows login test would involve just testing the quality of interface and proper placing of controls but we wont be verifying whther its properly authenticating users.
what are six sigma standards
standard used to improve bussiness quality.The six sigma cycle is Define-->Measure-->Analyse-->Improve-- >Control.
How many test cases will be written for a project?
That is depending on project size and client requirement. Based on the no.of objects present on the applications,no.of functionalities.
Test Report -----during test execution testengg are reporting mistaches to development team in an IEEE format that is called testreport Testlog------expected output is called testlog which is in the form of document.
Test log: is the doccument which contains the all information about he test results.The doccument which contains the expected results.Test report: It is the report made by the tester while actual excution of the code.which contais the deviation of the actual results from the expected results.
Severity Levels.
1.Fatal error:(e.g. : Suppose u will open a IE Browser then browser cannot be opened, The page cannot be displayed), it is also called as Show Stopper Errors or 500 Internal servers problem.2. Major error:(On the above example, the page can be opened, but the contents cannot be displayed)3. Minor error: Cosmetic errors such as spell check, alignment problem, and etc...4. Sugession: At Last How the tester can contact to the devloper in a polite way.
For a bug with high severity can we give the priority also to be high...If so why we need both?For example severity=1 and priority=1...Cant we have only priority/severity??
sevirity will be assinged bassed on tester perception where as priority will be assinged according to the development team... perception.... so, as a tester we cant predict developers Priority for fixing that bug.
Severity: How bad the bug is and its influence on the software and the customer.
Priority: How important it is to fix the bug and when should it be fixed.
So for eg: System Crash.. it has severity 1 and priority 1 ....since unless and until the system is up we cannot proceed ahead.........
Break in a function means to define break points that enables you to stop running the the test at a specified line or function in the test script.
what is work adround ? (Turnaround)
Workaround time is a time in which the high priority defects should be fixed by Developers.( For Eg:-If a page crashes at a particular instance then usually this defect should be fixed in i guess in 6 hrs ,this again depends upon what type of test strategy you have applied to application)
Workaround time is a time where in developer should fix a high priority defect in less then 3 hrs again it depends upon how much time is defined to developer in your test strategy.
A workaround is a method, sometimes used temporarily, for achieving a task or goal when the usual or planned method isn't working. In information technology, a workaround is often used to overcome hardware, programming, or communication problems. Once a problem is fixed, a workaround is usually abandoned.
What is a show stopper?
Show Stopper is a condition(Bug) where a tester could not go for further testing unless and until that bug is fixed. In this case as a tester we send urgent request to development team to fix the bug.
It is urgent bug (S1). For eg system crash or error message forcing to close the window. Shows stopper is bug which is a having high priority and seriousness.
Software bug that makes an implementation effectively unusable; one that absolutely has to be fixed before development or Testing can go on.
What is the Entry And Exit Criteria of a test plan?
Entry creteria is a condition which input of the phase as to satisfy to get entry into the phase ex to enter design phase we should have prepared srs document.
Entrance Criteria: These are pre-defined requirements which are required to be met before starting testing.
Entry Criteria of a Test Plan should include the following:
1. Identify the Quality Gate at which the product will be considered ready for testing.
2. Identify the various conditions and % test coverage of the previous phase, that'll help in identifying the quality gate described above.
3. Identify all the stakeholders responsible for any slippage in the planned start date of testing.
4. Identify the effect on test schedule and effort of any slippage in the delivery dates prior start of the testing.
5. Describe the importance of Test Plan Review by the development team and system architects. Identify the effect on testing, if the test plan is not properly reviewed, after test case designing.
6. Identify the effect if you don't get necessary external support during testing, related to environment, Db support, test data creation, network problems, security issues etc.
Exit criteria is condition which the output of the phase as to satisfy to get exit from the phase exit criteria for design level will be completion of lld, hld.
Exit Criteria: These are PRE-DEFINED requirements which are required to be met before testing is finished.
What is the role of QA in a company that produces software?
The role of the QA in the company is to produce a quality software and to ensure that it meets all the requirements of its customers before delivering the product
The common bugs encountered during the testing process are
Mismatch errors, Runtime errors, Exception handling errors, Data less or Wrong data. Cosmetic and Usablility defects are also found in application.
What is a test data?Give examples?
Data which is used while testing. For Testing Employee Number Field - Test Data EMP001 can be used.
what is release candidate???
Relase candidate is a pre-release version. Which contains the desired functionality of the final released version,which needs to be tested for bugs.(which idealy should be removed before the final vesrion is relased).
what is backward compatibility testing ?
Oprating system is compatible to our build ,but our build is not compatible with opearating system,called backward compatibility. generally test enginers face backward comp. rather then forward comp.
How would you differentiaite between.. Bug and Defect and Failure and Error
Error - Found problem in coding By Developer
Bug - Found problem in application By Tester
Defect - Found problem in application By Customer after release
What is the Capability Maturity Model (CMM)?
Capability Maturity Model developed by the SEI. It's a model of 5 levels of organizational maturity that determine effectiveness in delivering quality software.
Define Verification and Validation. Explain the differences between the two?
Verification is to determine that requirements are established during the previou phase have been met. Generally Verification refers to the overall s/w evaluation activity, including reviewing, inspecting, checking and auditing.
Verification : checks consistency with the i/p'…Whether we are building the product right?
Validation typically involves actual testing and takes place after verification is complete.
Validation: Checks Consistency with the User Requirements Whether we are building the right product/System?
Test plan is high level document that describes the objective, approach, scope & focus of software testing effort.
Test Case is document that decribes an input ,action or event and expected response, to determine if a feature of application is working correctely.
Is there any difference between testing process in a product development and in service based IT organisation?
In Product Developement, A tester job is Goal Oriented and in Services Company,Your job is Process oriented. In CMM companies they prepare supporting documentation apart from his regular duties like Desining and executing Test cases and reporting the bugs as well. Where in Product Developement companies with ISO certification, mainly focus on goals and deliverables
What is the purpose of the testing?
To improve the quality of the product. The Purpose of Testing is to Analyze that the Product is according to Requirements. the purpose of testing is to measure the quality of the program by finding the bugs in the program.
in this process we perform Verification and Validation on the project or application.
The purpose of testing :
1.The product/project should meet the Requirements
2.To satisty the End-User
3.To maintain the quality according to the Key process area for each CMM Level i 1 to 5 or six sigma or CMM Level 1 to 5 or ISO
4.To attain a good name in the market that the company producing Zero defect product /project
What is the difference between QA and testing?
The goal of QA is prevention while the goal of testing is detection(detect the bugs. Testing is finding bugs.
QA is to ensure that the product is bug free.
PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURING"
Quality Assurance is a preventive activity. it concentrate on the whole development process to prevent the bugs.
testing is curing activity. here our main intention is measuring the quality of the product by analysing the program with the end user perception. The output of Testing is often the input to QA.
Testing : To find the bugs QA : To Detect the bugs
What types of documents would you need for QA, QC and testing ?
FRS,SRS & Design documents are basic documents for doing QA,QC and testing. Good Requirements are :- clear, complete, detailed, cohesive, attainable and testable
Explain how testing fits in V-model?
Testing should done along with development process.That is what Spiral SDLC is talking about.In V model,testing and development phases are performing parallel.In that aspect Testing fits in V model.
Authentication-->Checking the validity.Ex:A creditcard validation by Verisign.It is called authenticating the CreditCard
Authorization-->Giving some rights -Ex:I authorize mr.Rahul to sign some papers realted with my bank accounts.
At what stage the design of a project or application is validated?
Should start from the first phase itself.But conventional testing will start after coding phase. Validation should start after Design stage when application is developed.Verification should start from first phase that is Requirement Analysis phase.
Actual testing = Quality Control of a project
Quality Control = Processes used to test the Project Functionality
Quality Assurance = Measures the quality of QC processes used to create a Quality Project.
Quality Assurance is a focus on processes like defining,deploying ,continuous improving
with the goal of defect prevention.
Quality Control is a focus on products defect/bug detection with the goal of defect detection.
NO INTERACTION WITH USER ,HE GOES AS PER SRS AND SPECIFICATION GIVEN BY PROGRAMMER.
gernerally, as a tester we did not have any with the user. but some times (for ex. when no documentation available ) we may have some interaction with the end users with the permission of our higher officials.
Normally the SRS or client specs are referred. However when the project undergoes constant modifications from the client, testers can sit in on the conversations chats so that they have a general idea of where the projects is headed. Also many a times, something may not be testable, tester can pitch in with suggestions.
What is the role of a bug tracking system?
A bug tracking system is used to report all errors at one central place for easy access and retriaval, both byu developer as well as tester. Since all the bugs are centrally filed, it becomes easy to update their status.
The tracking can be done across multiple projects and lastly, these details can be used by a QA manager for Metrics
Defect Tracking System is used to track Requirements,Defects and can also help in Executing test cases manually.Most important part is that some Defect Tracking System can keep history of defect
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